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http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=robot-pills&sc=HLTH_20100727

From the August 2010 Scientific American Magazine | 4 comments

Robot Pills ( Preview )
A voyage through the human body is no longer mere fantasy. Tiny devices may
soon perform surgery, administer drugs and help diagnose disease
By Paolo Dario and Arianna Menciassi

Key Concepts
a.. Pill cameras made possible unprecedented internal views of the entire
digestive tract, but the uses and accuracy of those passive capsules are
limited.
b.. Active pill-size robotic capsules are being developed for use in
screening, diagnosis and therapeutic procedures.
c.. Miniaturizing robotic components to perform tasks inside the body
poses novel engineering challenges. Those challenges are giving rise to
creative solutions that will influence robotics and other medical
technologies in general
The movie Fantastic Voyage, the story of a miniaturized team of doctors
traveling through blood vessels to make lifesaving repairs in a patient's
brain, was pure science fiction when it came out in 1966. By the time
Hollywood remade the film in 1987 as Innerspace, a comedy, real-world
engineers had already begun building prototypes of pill-size robots that
could voyage through a patient's gastrointestinal tract on a doctor's
behalf. Patients began swallowing the first commercially built pill cameras
in 2000, and since then doctors have used the capsules to get unprecedented
views of places, such as the inner folds of the small intestine, that are
otherwise difficult to reach without surgery.



One important aspect of Fantastic Voyage that has remained fantasy is the
notion that such tiny pill cameras could maneuver under their own power,
swimming toward a tumor to get a biopsy, checking out inflammation in the
small intestine, or even administering drug treatments to an ulcer. In
recent years, however, researchers have made great strides in converting the
basic elements of a passive camera pill into an active miniature robot.
Advanced prototypes, now being tested in animals, have legs, pro�pellers,
sophisticated imaging lenses and wireless guidance systems. Soon these tiny
robots may be ready for clinical trials. Right now they are testing the
limits of miniaturized robotics.







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