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From: OsherD on 15 Jan 2010 19:46
From Osher Doctorow

Gravitation is considered to travel at the speed of light, but notice
two opposites or near opposites:

1) Light sources, or incandescent objects, etc., send light OUTWARD.
2) Gravitation is an INWARD pull toward "sources".

Lets look at what Probable Causation/Influence indicates about this.

Light follows geodesics according to GR, and geodesics have Lebesgue
measure 0 and therefore Probability 0 if Probability increases with
Lebesgue measure as usually assumed in Probable Causation/Influence
applications.

Let us define A as a bounded part of a light ray geodesic starting
from its source, so that A ' is the remainder of the ray going to
infinity in an unbounded Universe. B is some other bounded set/
event.

Consider:

3) P(A ' B ' ) which is the Memory/Expansion/Repulsion involved in
the quadruple (A, B, A ' , B ' ).

What maximizes P(A ' B ' )? The maximum is 1 mathematically since
probability is always between 0 and 1. Since P(A ' B ' ) = 1 - P(A U
B), we have:

4) P(A ' B ' ) = 1 - P(A U B) = 1 at its maximum.

5) P(A U B) = 0 at the maximum of P(A ' B ' ) (from (4)).

But (5) is satisfied by A as a bounded part of a light ray geodesic
starting from its source, and also by B if B is chosen as a bounded 0,
1, or 2 dimensional object (geometric or physical) in 3 dimensional
Euclidean-like or slightly curved space. For example, B can be the
surface of a ball, the top of a table, the edge of a piece of paper, a
light ray, a string, etc.

We are then led to search for Repulsion among light rays or parts of
them by (1)-(5) above, although other objects of zero/nil probability
could alternatively be searched for.

But how would a light ray initiate or embody Repulsion? We measure
the expansion of the Universe by light rays, directly or indirectly,
and we now believe in physics that the expansion of the Universe at
least in acceleration periods is Repulsion. Could light BE
Repulsion, so that Dark Energy and the Cosmological Constant or
Quintessence or Chaplygin Gas are simply light and its effects?

That brings us back to the speed of light. If P(A ' B ' ) = 1 and A
' is the unbounded part of a light ray, then if we regard A as a light
ray to the edge of the observed Universe, then A ' is the "rest" of
the light ray beyond, and that "beyond" presumably already exists!
Our perception or recording of the bounded part is NOT A ' . This
appears to indicate that the speed of light, like P(A ' B ' ), is
indeed 1 (infinity) in a normalized sense of units.

Osher Doctorow
From: OsherD on 16 Jan 2010 03:05
From Osher Doctorow

The last two paragraphs seem to be slightly wrong.

The complement of A, A ' , is 3 dimensional in 3 dimensions even if A
is a finite part of a light ray, while only in 2 dimensions along the
light ray could we say that the whole light ray has probability 1.
It is, of course, possible that the normalized light speed derives
from this holographic scenario.

Another alternative is that an "ideal" source is considered and the
union of all light rays from a spherical source or point source simply
is the Universe without considering blocking of light rays by opaque
bodies, etc. If the Universe was instantaneously infinite from the
"initial time", nothing would exist to block a light ray at the
initial time, and the Universe was light-radiation-filled infinitely
far (unboundedly). The infinite uncountable union of sets of
measure or probability 0 can easily be seen to have probability 1 and
to constitute the Universe in a Euclidean or similar-to-Euclidean
context, since every curve or path or planar section of the 3
dimensional Universe has Lebesgue measure 0, and the Universe is the
union of such curves, paths, planar sections at least up to black
holes.

But how do we use A ' where A is the finite part of a light ray
discussed previously, to actually manipulate Repulsion and reach
speeds higher than that of finitely observed or calculated light?
The simplest way is for there to not be any real finite barrier to
exceeding any finite speed, or else for any claimed barrier to vanish
outside some finite concentration of matter.

Osher Doctorow
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