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From: Archimedes Plutonium on 20 Jun 2010 02:48
Now if I am smart, as soon as I finish this 4th edition , I should
start the 5th edition by
culling all the posts into organized chapters and at least on the road
to a flowing reading.

Tonight I looked into my past posts, reaching into 2003 and 2006 for
this gem:

Archimedes Plutonium wrote circa 2003 and 2006:

--- quoting in parts Sources: Anders and Ebihara, 1982 Solar-system
abundances of the
elements Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Vol. 46, pages 2363-2380.
The above table is the abundance compilation Anders and Grevesse,
1988,
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.

atomic number relative cosmic abundances of the elements
based on meteors and analysis of the Sun

Atoms/10^6 Si
1 hydrogen H 2.79 x 10^10
2 helium He 2.72 x 10^9
3 lithium Li 57.1
4 beryllium Be 0.73
5 boron B 21.2
6 carbon C 1.01 x 10^7
7 nitrogen N 3.13 x 10^6
8 oxygen O 2.38 x 10^7
9 fluorine F 843
10 neon Ne 3.44 x 10^6
11 sodium Na 5.74 x 10^4
12 magnesium Mg 1.074 x 10^6
13 aluminum Al 8.49 x 10^4
14 silicon Si 1.00 x 10^6
15 phosphorus P 1.04 x 10^4
16 sulfur S 5.15 x 10^5
17 chlorine Cl 5240
18 argon Ar 1.01 x 10^5
19 potassium K 3770
20 calcium Ca 6.11 x 10^4
21 scandium Sc 34.2
22 titanium Ti 2400
23 vanadium V 293
24 chromium Cr 1.35 x 10^4
25 manganese Mn 9550
26 iron Fe 9.00 x 10^5
27 cobalt Co 2250
28 nickel N 4.93 x 10^4
29 copper Cu 522
30 zinc Zn 1260
31 gallium Ga 37.8
32 germanium Ge 119
33 arsenic As 6.56
34 selenium Se 62.1
35 bromine Br 11.8
36 krypton Kr 45
37 rubidium Rb 7.09
38 strontium Sr 23.5
39 yttrium Y 4.64
40 zirconium Zr 11.4
41 niobium Nb 0.698
42 molybdenum Mo 2.55
43 technetium Tc
44 ruthenium Ru 1.86
45 rhodium Rh 0.344
46 palladium Pd 1.39
47 silver Ag 0.486
48 cadmium Cd 1.61
49 indium In 0.184
50 tin Sn 3.82
51 antimony Sb 0.309
52 tellurium Te 4.81
53 iodine I 0.90
54 xenon Xe 4.7
55 cesium Cs 0.372
56 barium Ba 4.49
57 lanthanum La 0.4460
58 cerium Ce 1.136
59 praseodymium Pr 0.1669
60 neodymium Nd 0.8279
61 promethium Pm
62 samarium Sm 0.2582
63 europium Eu 0.0973
64 gadolinium Gd 0.3300
65 terbium Tb 0.0603
66 dysprosium Dy 0.3942
67 holmium Ho 0.0889
68 erbium Er 0.2508
69 thulium Tm 0.0378
70 ytterbium Yb 0.2479
71 lutetium Lu 0.0367
72 hafnium Hf 0.154
73 tantalum Ta 0.0207
74 tungsten W 0.133
75 rhenium Re 0.0517
76 osmium Os 0.675
77 iridium Ir 0.661
78 platinum Pt 1.34
79 gold Au 0.187
80 mercury Hg 0.34
81 thallium TL 0.184
82 lead Pb 3.15
83 bismuth Bi 0.144
84 polonium Po
85 astatine At
86 radon Rn
87 francium Fr
88 radium Ra
89 actinium Ac
90 thorium Th 0.0335
91 protoactinium Pa
92 uranium U 0.0090
93 neptunium Np
94 plutonium Pu

--- quoting in part Sources: Anders and Ebihara, 1982 Solar-system
abundances of the
elements Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Vol. 46, pages 2363-2380.
The above table is the abundance compilation Anders and Grevesse,
1988,
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.

I suspect that if one examines and analyzes the above data, can make
the assertion
that Dirac's New Radioactivities Additive Creation must be true and at
work in having
those number data of abundances.

In a Atom Totality where atoms are created by New Radioactivities
Additive Creation
can you have thorium element 90 at 0.0335 and more abundant than
elements
84,85,86,87,88, 89 and tantalum at 73 and of course elements 61 and
43.

Now going in the opposite direction of the abundance of beryllium
element 4 at
0.73, we have to wait until element 41, niobium of 0.698 to start to
see that range
of abundance.

So in my suggested Experiment of taking some liquid water and
bombarding it with
protons to simulate Cosmic Ray bombardment and afterwards see where
the protons
went into making newer elements. And then repeating the experiment
with say other
atoms, we begin to see why the elements are as abundant as found in
Nature.

The Big Bang theory would all hinge on luck as to whether there was a
Supernova
in the vicinity of our Solar System a long time ago before we had a
solar system and
that supernova brought a Nebular Dust Cloud which would congeal into
our Solar System
and have those numbers of abundance as reported by Anders et al,
above. So alot of
probability, happenstance and luck with the Big Bang and its
accompanying Supernova
and Nebular Dust Cloud.

Contrast that happenstance with the Atom Totality that says our Solar
System was
built as Dirac describes New Radioactivities of a constant and steady
additive creation
such as cosmic rays landing where atoms already exist and building the
lighter atoms
into heavier atoms. Contrast this constant steady construction of
heavier elements from
lighter elements via Dirac new radioactivities with the throw of the
dice in the Big Bang
that a supernova is nearby in the distant past and spews out heavy
elements in such
an exacting proportion as what the Cosmic abundance listed above.

Extremely difficult to believe a supernova can generate thorium atoms
with so much
abundance. But very easy to see and understand that additive creation
by cosmic
rays would bypass elements 84 to 89 and then be in a quantum well of
stability with
thorium at 90 that the protons would be in this quantum well of
stability and thus
make abundant thorium atoms.

Likewise on the other end of the periodic table of elements that
beryllium is so rare
when it should not be rare if supernova and star interiors created the
elements. In
the case of beryllium it is a quantum leakage, not a quantum well,
that you add
protons to elements 1,2,3, and they do not want to stay put for
element 4, but rather
the next stable quantum well is carbon of element 6.

Notice also, that apparently the quantum well of stability for
creating oxygen atoms
via Dirac new radioactivities is far more stable for oxygen than it is
for carbon. It is
this levels of quantum stability that the Atom Totality with Dirac new
radioactivities
is far better able to explain the abundance of elements rather than
the willy-nilly explanation
that a Big Bang with supernova and Nebular Dust Clouds attempts.

The above data is a harmonic sequence of creation of elements that a
Additive
process is the driving mechanism. So that the Aufbau principle in
physics of
building atoms, is tantamount to Dirac's new radioactivities of the
additions of
protons such as cosmic rays.


Archimedes Plutonium
http://www.iw.net/~a_plutonium/
whole entire Universe is just one big atom
where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies
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