PRODUCING HYDROGEN FROM SEA WATER
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From: usenet on 4 May 2010 02:21 Producing hydrogen from sea water Chemistry World April 28, 2010 A new catalyst that generates hydrogen from sea water has been developed by scientists in the US. This new metal-oxo complex displays high catalytic activity and stability, whilst being low cost, the researchers say. Hydrogen is very attractive as a clean source of power. Currently, it is produced by natural gas reforming - where steam is reacted with methane in the presence of a nickel catalyst to form hydrogen - but this method produces the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Jeffrey Long and colleagues from the University of California, Berkeley, prepared a simple molybdenum-oxo complex that can serve as an electrocatalyst, reducing the energy required to generate hydrogen from water on a mercury electrode. As an abundant metal, molybdenum is much cheaper than precious metal catalysts where the costs associated with large scale hydrogen production would be high. molybdenum-oxo species generates hydrogen from sea water The team's molybdenum-oxo species generates hydrogen from sea water - Nature Long explains that the stability of the catalyst is due to a ligand that bonds to the molybdenum in five places (pentadentate) making it a very strong complex. 'The molecule is very robust and is stable in aqueous conditions for long periods of time so we don't see degradation of the catalytic activity over three days of running the reaction,' he says. Significantly, Long's catalyst is also stable in the presence of impurities that can be found in the ocean, meaning that sea water can be used without pre-treatment. The team used a sample of California sea water in the system and found the results to be similar to the results obtained for water at neutral pH. In addition, no other electrolyte is necessary when using sea water, which helps reduce costs and removes any need for organic acids or solvents that could degrade the catalyst. 'The work clearly demonstrates that the molybdenum-oxo complex explored shows good catalytic activity, with at least an order of magnitude higher turnover frequency [the speed at which a catalytic cycle is completed] than alternative catalysts quoted,' says Bruce Ewan, an expert in hydrogen production and renewable energy at the University of Sheffield, UK. 'This new catalyst also opens up new possibilities as a catalytic agent in other proton reducing scenarios,' he adds. Long and his team hope to develop this system so that 'in the future a catalyst like this could be used in conjunction with a solar cell to produce hydrogen,' he explains. The team is now working on modifying the catalyst to reduce the potential at which the electrochemical reaction proceeds and make the system more efficient. Mike Brown H I Karunadasa, C J Chang and J R Long, Nature, 2010, DOI: 10.1038/nature08969 Also of interest Yellow beaker Urine turned into hydrogen fuel 02 July 2009 Whizz electrocatalyst frees the hydrogen from 'liquid gold' http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2009/July/02070902.asp Breakthrough catalyst for splitting water 31 July 2008 Mild electrolysis system boosts hopes for artificial photosynthesis http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/July/31070802.asp The Hydrosol II plant (foreground) concentrates the sun's rays Cracking water with sunlight 28 March 2008 World's largest thermochemical solar hydrogen plant opens http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/March/28030801.asp More at: http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2010/April/28041002.asp Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi Om Shanti o Not for commercial use. Solely to be fairly used for the educational purposes of research and open discussion. The contents of this post may not have been authored by, and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the poster. The contents are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works. o If you send private e-mail to me, it will likely not be read, considered or answered if it does not contain your full legal name, current e-mail and postal addresses, and live-voice telephone number. o Posted for information and discussion. Views expressed by others are not necessarily those of the poster who may or may not have read the article. FAIR USE NOTICE: This article may contain copyrighted material the use of which may or may not have been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. This material is being made available in efforts to advance the understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democratic, scientific, social, and cultural, etc., issues. It is believed that this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research, comment, discussion and educational purposes by subscribing to USENET newsgroups or visiting web sites. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml If you wish to use copyrighted material from this article for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. Since newsgroup posts are being removed by forgery by one or more net terrorists, this post may be reposted several times.
From: usenet on 4 May 2010 02:31 Forwarded messages - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A molecular molybdenum-oxo catalyst for generating hydrogen from water http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v464/n7293/full/nature08969.html This abstract is so PC that it hurts. 1 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by neverdem - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -To: neverdem > A new catalyst that generates hydrogen from sea water has been > developed by scientists in the US. This new metal-oxo complex > displays high catalytic activity and stability, whilst being low > cost, the researchers say. "whilst"? 2 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by Mike Darancette (Global Warming - Too big to fail.) Reply to 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -To: neverdem If we use sea water to create hydrogen, and make the oceans lower, that should help counteract the melting ice caps from global warming. We will live! 3 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by Defiant (De-fund the left. Refund the American taxpayer.) Reply to 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -To: neverdem The process is called electrolysis. 4 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 7:56:20 PM by sonofstrangelove ("I have learned to use the word "impossible" with the greatest caution." - Dr.Wernher Von Braun) Reply to 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -To: Defiant in a 100 years, i have no doubt in my mind that the future generation of environmentalist will find fault in the technology thats powering society, even if we adopt everything they support now e.g ethanol, solar panel. 5 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by 4rcane Reply to 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -To: neverdem Couldn't they have just set the oil spill ablaze? 6 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 8:05:29 PM by meadsjn (Sarah 2012, or sooner) Reply to 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -To: sonofstrangelove "The process is called electrolysis." Yes, and it appears that this catalyst is somewhat more efficient at driving the conversion. This rather begs the question of how much energy is required to convert h20 to hydrogen. One doesn't get hydrogen for free, and you have to drive the reaction with some form of energy (mostly coal in the US). In the end, I suspect that there is no net energy gain by using hydrogen, as you gotta' burn the coal to produce the electrons, that drive the reaction. I'm afraid they'll have to come up with more than a new catalyst to make hydrogen an economic, or environmental success. It will cerainly make folks feel good though. ;-) 7 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by Habibi ("It is vain to do with more what can be done with less." - William of Occam) End of forwarded messages from: http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2506109/posts > Producing hydrogen from sea water > > Chemistry World > April 28, 2010 > > A new catalyst that generates hydrogen from sea water has been > developed by scientists in the US. This new metal-oxo complex > displays high catalytic activity and stability, whilst being low > cost, the researchers say. > > Hydrogen is very attractive as a clean source of power. Currently, it > is produced by natural gas reforming - where steam is reacted with > methane in the presence of a nickel catalyst to form hydrogen - but > this method produces the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. > > Jeffrey Long and colleagues from the University of California, > Berkeley, prepared a simple molybdenum-oxo complex that can serve as > an electrocatalyst, reducing the energy required to generate hydrogen > from water on a mercury electrode. As an abundant metal, molybdenum > is much cheaper than precious metal catalysts where the costs > associated with large scale hydrogen production would be high. > > molybdenum-oxo species generates hydrogen from sea water The team's > molybdenum-oxo species generates hydrogen from sea water > > - Nature > > Long explains that the stability of the catalyst is due to a ligand > that bonds to the molybdenum in five places (pentadentate) making it > a very strong complex. 'The molecule is very robust and is stable in > aqueous conditions for long periods of time so we don't see > degradation of the catalytic activity over three days of running the > reaction,' he says. > > Significantly, Long's catalyst is also stable in the presence of > impurities that can be found in the ocean, meaning that sea water can > be used without pre-treatment. The team used a sample of California > sea water in the system and found the results to be similar to the > results obtained for water at neutral pH. In addition, no other > electrolyte is necessary when using sea water, which helps reduce > costs and removes any need for organic acids or solvents that could > degrade the catalyst. > > 'The work clearly demonstrates that the molybdenum-oxo complex > explored shows good catalytic activity, with at least an order of > magnitude higher turnover frequency [the speed at which a catalytic > cycle is completed] than alternative catalysts quoted,' says Bruce > Ewan, an expert in hydrogen production and renewable energy at the > University of Sheffield, UK. 'This new catalyst also opens up new > possibilities as a catalytic agent in other proton reducing > scenarios,' he adds. > > Long and his team hope to develop this system so that 'in the future > a catalyst like this could be used in conjunction with a solar cell > to produce hydrogen,' he explains. The team is now working on > modifying the catalyst to reduce the potential at which the > electrochemical reaction proceeds and make the system more efficient. > > Mike Brown > > H I Karunadasa, C J Chang and J R Long, Nature, 2010, DOI: > 10.1038/nature08969 > > Also of interest > > Yellow beaker > Urine turned into hydrogen fuel > 02 July 2009 > Whizz electrocatalyst frees the hydrogen from 'liquid gold' > http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2009/July/02070902.asp > > Breakthrough catalyst for splitting water > 31 July 2008 > Mild electrolysis system boosts hopes for artificial photosynthesis > http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/July/31070802.asp > > The Hydrosol II plant (foreground) concentrates the sun's rays > Cracking water with sunlight > 28 March 2008 > World's largest thermochemical solar hydrogen plant opens > http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/March/28030801.asp > > More at: > http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2010/April/28041002.asp > > Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi > Om Shanti > > o Not for commercial use. Solely to be fairly used for the educational > purposes of research and open discussion. The contents of this post may not > have been authored by, and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the > poster. The contents are protected by copyright law and the exemption for > fair use of copyrighted works. > o If you send private e-mail to me, it will likely not be read, > considered or answered if it does not contain your full legal name, current > e-mail and postal addresses, and live-voice telephone number. > o Posted for information and discussion. Views expressed by others are > not necessarily those of the poster who may or may not have read the article. > > FAIR USE NOTICE: This article may contain copyrighted material the use of > which may or may not have been specifically authorized by the copyright > owner. This material is being made available in efforts to advance the > understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, > democratic, scientific, social, and cultural, etc., issues. It is believed > that this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as > provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title > 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without > profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included > information for research, comment, discussion and educational purposes by > subscribing to USENET newsgroups or visiting web sites. For more information > go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml > If you wish to use copyrighted material from this article for purposes of > your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the > copyright owner. > > Since newsgroup posts are being removed > by forgery by one or more net terrorists, > this post may be reposted several times.
From: bert on 4 May 2010 09:44 On May 4, 2:31 am, use...(a)mantra.com and/or www.mantra.com/jai (Dr. Jai Maharaj) wrote: > Forwarded messages > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > A molecular molybdenum-oxo catalyst for generating hydrogen from water > > http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v464/n7293/full/nature08969.html > > This abstract is so PC that it hurts. > > 1 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by neverdem > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > -To: neverdem > > > A new catalyst that generates hydrogen from sea water has been > > developed by scientists in the US. This new metal-oxo complex > > displays high catalytic activity and stability, whilst being low > > cost, the researchers say. > > "whilst"? > > 2 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by Mike Darancette > (Global Warming - Too big to fail.) > > Reply to 1 > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > -To: neverdem > > If we use sea water to create hydrogen, and make the oceans lower, > that should help counteract the melting ice caps from global warming. > We will live! > > 3 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by Defiant > (De-fund the left. Refund the American taxpayer.) > > Reply to 1 > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > -To: neverdem > > The process is called electrolysis. > > 4 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 7:56:20 PM by sonofstrangelove > ("I have learned to use the word "impossible" with the greatest > caution." - Dr.Wernher Von Braun) > > Reply to 1 > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > -To: Defiant > > in a 100 years, i have no doubt in my mind that the future generation > of environmentalist will find fault in the technology thats powering > society, even if we adopt everything they support now e.g ethanol, > solar panel. > > 5 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by 4rcane > > Reply to 3 > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > -To: neverdem > > Couldn't they have just set the oil spill ablaze? > > 6 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 8:05:29 PM by meadsjn > (Sarah 2012, or sooner) > > Reply to 1 > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > -To: sonofstrangelove > > "The process is called electrolysis." > > Yes, and it appears that this catalyst is somewhat more efficient at > driving the conversion. This rather begs the question of how much > energy is required to convert h20 to hydrogen. One doesn't get > hydrogen for free, and you have to drive the reaction with some form > of energy (mostly coal in the US). In the end, I suspect that there > is no net energy gain by using hydrogen, as you gotta' burn the coal > to produce the electrons, that drive the reaction. > > I'm afraid they'll have to come up with more than a new catalyst to > make hydrogen an economic, or environmental success. > > It will cerainly make folks feel good though. ;-) > > 7 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by Habibi > ("It is vain to do with more what can be done with less." > - William of Occam) > > End of forwarded messages from: > > http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2506109/posts > > > > > Producing hydrogen from sea water > > > Chemistry World > > April 28, 2010 > > > A new catalyst that generates hydrogen from sea water has been > > developed by scientists in the US. This new metal-oxo complex > > displays high catalytic activity and stability, whilst being low > > cost, the researchers say. > > > Hydrogen is very attractive as a clean source of power. Currently, it > > is produced by natural gas reforming - where steam is reacted with > > methane in the presence of a nickel catalyst to form hydrogen - but > > this method produces the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. > > > Jeffrey Long and colleagues from the University of California, > > Berkeley, prepared a simple molybdenum-oxo complex that can serve as > > an electrocatalyst, reducing the energy required to generate hydrogen > > from water on a mercury electrode. As an abundant metal, molybdenum > > is much cheaper than precious metal catalysts where the costs > > associated with large scale hydrogen production would be high. > > > molybdenum-oxo species generates hydrogen from sea water The team's > > molybdenum-oxo species generates hydrogen from sea water > > > - Nature > > > Long explains that the stability of the catalyst is due to a ligand > > that bonds to the molybdenum in five places (pentadentate) making it > > a very strong complex. 'The molecule is very robust and is stable in > > aqueous conditions for long periods of time so we don't see > > degradation of the catalytic activity over three days of running the > > reaction,' he says. > > > Significantly, Long's catalyst is also stable in the presence of > > impurities that can be found in the ocean, meaning that sea water can > > be used without pre-treatment. The team used a sample of California > > sea water in the system and found the results to be similar to the > > results obtained for water at neutral pH. In addition, no other > > electrolyte is necessary when using sea water, which helps reduce > > costs and removes any need for organic acids or solvents that could > > degrade the catalyst. > > > 'The work clearly demonstrates that the molybdenum-oxo complex > > explored shows good catalytic activity, with at least an order of > > magnitude higher turnover frequency [the speed at which a catalytic > > cycle is completed] than alternative catalysts quoted,' says Bruce > > Ewan, an expert in hydrogen production and renewable energy at the > > University of Sheffield, UK. 'This new catalyst also opens up new > > possibilities as a catalytic agent in other proton reducing > > scenarios,' he adds. > > > Long and his team hope to develop this system so that 'in the future > > a catalyst like this could be used in conjunction with a solar cell > > to produce hydrogen,' he explains. The team is now working on > > modifying the catalyst to reduce the potential at which the > > electrochemical reaction proceeds and make the system more efficient. > > > Mike Brown > > > H I Karunadasa, C J Chang and J R Long, Nature, 2010, DOI: > > 10.1038/nature08969 > > > Also of interest > > > Yellow beaker > > Urine turned into hydrogen fuel > > 02 July 2009 > > Whizz electrocatalyst frees the hydrogen from 'liquid gold' > >http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2009/July/02070902.asp > > > Breakthrough catalyst for splitting water > > 31 July 2008 > > Mild electrolysis system boosts hopes for artificial photosynthesis > >http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/July/31070802.asp > > > The Hydrosol II plant (foreground) concentrates the sun's rays > > Cracking water with sunlight > > 28 March 2008 > > World's largest thermochemical solar hydrogen plant opens > >http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/March/28030801.asp > > > More at: > >http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2010/April/28041002.asp > > > Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi > > Om Shanti > > > o Not for commercial use. Solely to be fairly used for the educational > > purposes of research and open discussion. The contents of this post may not > > have been authored by, and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the > > poster. The contents are protected by copyright law and the exemption for > > fair use of copyrighted works. > > o If you send private e-mail to me, it will likely not be read, > > considered or answered if it does not contain your full legal name, current > > e-mail and postal addresses, and live-voice telephone number. > > o Posted for information and discussion. Views expressed by others are > > not necessarily those of the poster who may or may not have read the article. > > > FAIR USE NOTICE: This article may contain copyrighted material the use of > > which may or may not have been specifically authorized by the copyright > > owner. This material is being made available in efforts to advance the > > understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, > > democratic, scientific, social, and cultural, etc., issues. It is believed > > that this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as > > provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title > > 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without > > profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included > > information for research, comment, discussion and educational purposes by > > subscribing to USENET newsgroups or visiting web sites. For more information > > go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml > > If you wish to use copyrighted material from this article for purposes of > > your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the > > copyright owner. > > > Since newsgroup posts are being removed > > by forgery by one or more net terrorists, > > this post may be reposted several times.- Hide quoted text - > > - Show quoted text - My "Pulse Fusion Machine" would only cost 6 billion to build. As long as Exxon Mobil rules it will never get funded. Its oil all the way down. The rig spill cost is up to 20 billion. The amount of oil going into the Gulf is just another GOP coverup. They can easily stone wall the truth.in this day and age trebert
From: usenet on 4 May 2010 09:54 In article <f779d171-dc6f-430e-b5d2-f6b1e86cadd7(a)24g2000yqy.googlegroups.com>, bert <herbertglazier79(a)msn.com> posted: > > Dr. Jai Maharaj posted: > > > Forwarded messages > > > > =A0- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > > > A molecular molybdenum-oxo catalyst for generating hydrogen from water > > > > http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v464/n7293/full/nature08969.html > > > > This abstract is so PC that it hurts. > > > > 1 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by neverdem > > > > =A0- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > > > =A0-To: neverdem > > > > > A new catalyst that generates hydrogen from sea water has been > > > developed by scientists in the US. This new metal-oxo complex > > > displays high catalytic activity and stability, whilst being low > > > cost, the researchers say. > > > > "whilst"? > > > > 2 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by Mike Darancette > > =A0 =A0(Global Warming=99 - Too big to fail.) > > > > =A0Reply to 1 > > > > =A0- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > > > =A0-To: neverdem > > > > If we use sea water to create hydrogen, and make the oceans lower, > > that should help counteract the melting ice caps from global warming. > > We will live! > > > > 3 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by Defiant > > =A0 =A0(De-fund the left. Refund the American taxpayer.) > > > > =A0Reply to 1 > > > > =A0- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > > > =A0-To: neverdem > > > > The process is called electrolysis. > > > > 4 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 7:56:20 PM by sonofstrangelove > > =A0 =A0("I have learned to use the word "impossible" with the greatest > > =A0 =A0 =A0caution." =A0- Dr.Wernher Von Braun) > > > > =A0Reply to 1 > > > > =A0- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > > > =A0-To: Defiant > > > > in a 100 years, i have no doubt in my mind that the future generation > > of environmentalist will find fault in the technology thats powering > > society, even if we adopt everything they support now e.g ethanol, > > solar panel. > > > > 5 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by 4rcane > > > > =A0Reply to 3 > > > > =A0- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > > > =A0-To: neverdem > > > > Couldn't they have just set the oil spill ablaze? > > > > 6 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 8:05:29 PM by meadsjn > > =A0 =A0(Sarah 2012, or sooner) > > > > =A0Reply to 1 > > > > =A0- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > > > =A0-To: sonofstrangelove > > > > "The process is called electrolysis." > > > > Yes, and it appears that this catalyst is somewhat more efficient at > > driving the conversion. This rather begs the question of how much > > energy is required to convert h20 to hydrogen. One doesn't get > > hydrogen for free, and you have to drive the reaction with some form > > of energy (mostly coal in the US). In the end, I suspect that there > > is no net energy gain by using hydrogen, as you gotta' burn the coal > > to produce the electrons, that drive the reaction. > > > > I'm afraid they'll have to come up with more than a new catalyst to > > make hydrogen an economic, or environmental success. > > > > It will cerainly make folks feel good though. ;-) > > > > 7 posted on Monday, May 3, 2010 by Habibi > > =A0 =A0("It is vain to do with more what can be done with less." > > =A0 =A0 =A0- William of Occam) > > > > End of forwarded messages from: > > > > http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2506109/posts > > > > > > > > > Producing hydrogen from sea water > > > > > Chemistry World > > > April 28, 2010 > > > > > A new catalyst that generates hydrogen from sea water has been > > > developed by scientists in the US. This new metal-oxo complex > > > displays high catalytic activity and stability, whilst being low > > > cost, the researchers say. > > > > > Hydrogen is very attractive as a clean source of power. Currently, it > > > is produced by natural gas reforming - where steam is reacted with > > > methane in the presence of a nickel catalyst to form hydrogen - but > > > this method produces the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. > > > > > Jeffrey Long and colleagues from the University of California, > > > Berkeley, prepared a simple molybdenum-oxo complex that can serve as > > > an electrocatalyst, reducing the energy required to generate hydrogen > > > from water on a mercury electrode. As an abundant metal, molybdenum > > > is much cheaper than precious metal catalysts where the costs > > > associated with large scale hydrogen production would be high. > > > > > molybdenum-oxo species generates hydrogen from sea water The team's > > > molybdenum-oxo species generates hydrogen from sea water > > > > > =A0- Nature > > > > > Long explains that the stability of the catalyst is due to a ligand > > > that bonds to the molybdenum in five places (pentadentate) making it > > > a very strong complex. 'The molecule is very robust and is stable in > > > aqueous conditions for long periods of time so we don't see > > > degradation of the catalytic activity over three days of running the > > > reaction,' he says. =A0 > > > > > Significantly, Long's catalyst is also stable in the presence of > > > impurities that can be found in the ocean, meaning that sea water can > > > be used without pre-treatment. The team used a sample of California > > > sea water in the system and found the results to be similar to the > > > results obtained for water at neutral pH. In addition, no other > > > electrolyte is necessary when using sea water, which helps reduce > > > costs and removes any need for organic acids or solvents that could > > > degrade the catalyst. > > > > > 'The work clearly demonstrates that the molybdenum-oxo complex > > > explored shows good catalytic activity, with at least an order of > > > magnitude higher turnover frequency [the speed at which a catalytic > > > cycle is completed] than alternative catalysts quoted,' says Bruce > > > Ewan, an expert in hydrogen production and renewable energy at the > > > University of Sheffield, UK. =A0 'This new catalyst also opens up new > > > possibilities as a catalytic agent in other proton reducing > > > scenarios,' he adds. > > > > > Long and his team hope to develop this system so that 'in the future > > > a catalyst like this could be used in conjunction with a solar cell > > > to produce hydrogen,' he explains. The team is now working on > > > modifying the catalyst to reduce the potential at which the > > > electrochemical reaction proceeds and make the system more efficient. > > > > > Mike Brown > > > > > H I Karunadasa, C J Chang and J R Long, Nature, 2010, DOI: > > > 10.1038/nature08969 > > > > > Also of interest > > > > > Yellow beaker > > > Urine turned into hydrogen fuel > > > 02 July 2009 > > > Whizz electrocatalyst frees the hydrogen from 'liquid gold' > > >http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2009/July/02070902.asp > > > > > Breakthrough catalyst for splitting water > > > 31 July 2008 > > > Mild electrolysis system boosts hopes for artificial photosynthesis > > >http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/July/31070802.asp > > > > > The Hydrosol II plant (foreground) concentrates the sun's rays > > > Cracking water with sunlight > > > 28 March 2008 > > > World's largest thermochemical solar hydrogen plant opens > > >http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/March/28030801.asp > > > > > More at: > > >http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2010/April/28041002.asp > > > > > Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi > > > Om Shanti > > > > > =A0 =A0 =A0o =A0Not for commercial use. Solely to be fairly used for th= > e educational > > > purposes of research and open discussion. The contents of this post may= > not > > > have been authored by, and do not necessarily represent the opinion of = > the > > > poster. The contents are protected by copyright law and the exemption f= > or > > > fair use of copyrighted works. > > > =A0 =A0 =A0o =A0If you send private e-mail to me, it will likely not be= > read, > > > considered or answered if it does not contain your full legal name, cur= > rent > > > e-mail and postal addresses, and live-voice telephone number. > > > =A0 =A0 =A0o =A0Posted for information and discussion. Views expressed = > by others are > > > not necessarily those of the poster who may or may not have read the ar= > ticle. > > > > > FAIR USE NOTICE: This article may contain copyrighted material the use = > of > > > which may or may not have been specifically authorized by the copyright > > > owner. This material is being made available in efforts to advance the > > > understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, > > > democratic, scientific, social, and cultural, etc., issues. It is belie= > ved > > > that this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as > > > provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with= > Title > > > 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without > > > profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the in= > cluded > > > information for research, comment, discussion and educational purposes = > by > > > subscribing to USENET newsgroups or visiting web sites. For more inform= > ation > > > go to: =A0http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml > > > If you wish to use copyrighted material from this article for purposes = > of > > > your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the > > > copyright owner. > > > > > Since newsgroup posts are being removed > > > by forgery by one or more net terrorists, > > > this post may be reposted several times.- Hide quoted text - > > > > - Show quoted text - > > My "Pulse Fusion Machine" would only cost 6 billion to build. As long > as Exxon Mobil rules it will never get funded. Its oil all the way > down. The rig spill cost is up to 20 billion. The amount of oil going > into the Gulf is just another GOP coverup. They can easily stone wall > the truth.in this day and age trebert Raising $6 billion for a good, workable and bankable idea in the energy field should not be too difficult. What would a prototype cost? Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi Om Shanti
From: Dirk Bruere at NeoPax on 4 May 2010 14:53
On 04/05/2010 14:44, bert wrote: > > My "Pulse Fusion Machine" would only cost 6 billion to build. As long > as Exxon Mobil rules it will never get funded. Its oil all the way > down. The rig spill cost is up to 20 billion. The amount of oil going > into the Gulf is just another GOP coverup. They can easily stone wall > the truth.in this day and age trebert Plasma Focus Fusion http://focusfusion.org/ -- Dirk http://www.transcendence.me.uk/ - Transcendence UK http://www.blogtalkradio.com/onetribe - Occult Talk Show |