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From: Osher Doctorow on 2 Jul 2010 08:59 From Osher Doctorow The two types of Probable Causation are: 1) P(A-->B) = 1 + P(AB) - P(A) 2) P ' (A-->B) = 1 + P(B) - P(A), where P(B) < = P(A) Probable Correlation is defined as: 3) P(A<-->B) = P{(A-->B)(B-->A)} = P(AB) + P(A ' B ' ) Now suppose that B is a subset of A with probability 1, which is to say except for subsets of probability 0. We can write this as B C A with C representing the usual set inclusion operator, or B = INTERNALITY(A) where we could use a subscript on INTERNALITY to distinguish B from other subsets of A. Then P(AB) = P(B) since AB = B iff B is a subset of A, and also P(A ' B ' ) = P(A ' ) = 1 - P(A) because B C A iff A ' C B ', so using (2), (1) and (3) respectively become: 4) P(A-->B) = 1 + P(B) - P(A) = P ' (A-->B), for B C A with probability 1 (w.p. 1) 5) P(A<-->B) = P(B) + 1 - P(A) = 1 + P(B) - P(A) = P(A-->B) = P ' (A-- >B), for B C A w.p.1 Thus, the "internal world" of a set/event is (Probably) Correlated and unifies P and P ' as Probable Causations with Probable Correlation. This is not necessarily true of the "external world" or the combined (partly) internal and external world of a set/event, and in fact it is false for the former if there is some subset of the external world with probability > 0. Let us write the first statement as a Principle, although it is a proven Principle or Theorem: 6) Theorem (or Principle): The "internal world" of a set/event is (Probably) Correlated and unifies P and P ' as Probable Causations with Probable Correlation. The Quantum Theory emphasis on Correlations and Expectations can be regarded as merely a reflection of (6) rather than as a new version of mathematics, but it then produces erroneous results in many cases involving interactions or externalities of events. Notice that if P(B C A) is not 1, then P (A-->B) = 1 + P(AB) - P(A) does not equal P ' (A-->B) because P(AB) does not equal P(B) since B has a subset of probability > 0 outside A. Osher Doctorow |