The Quantum Geometry of the Spacetime
in [Relativity]
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From: Q_Gravity on 2 Nov 2009 18:51 The Quantum Geometry of the Spacetime Model of Quantum Relativity Matter, Energy and Vacuum Rafael Javier Martínez Olmo E-mail: Rafael(a)gravityquantum.com Madrid Spain Saturday, July 1, 2009 Philosophical Prologue. The purpose of this work is the unification of Theory de of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics , by eliminating the randomness in the second. The reason why it has been impossible so far to achieve this unification, is that dragging an error in the essence of Logic. Physical object can have two mutually exclusive properties simultaneously, such as exist and not exist, be continuous and discrete time, be both random and deterministic. This occurred through the process of abstraction, giving rise to lower dimensional geometric objects to which nature has physically, ie, four, three spatial dimensions and one time dimension. I refer to the mathematical concepts of point of zero dimension line (dimension one) and plane (dimension two). Just as the mathematical concept and the physical meaning of zero. While the mathematics given its abstract nature, are almost immune to this error, not so with la Natural Philosophy or Physics, given its by having to describe the reality of the laws of the universe and subject to the experimental contrast. This failure is in the mathematical concept of ambiguous point, when applied to Physics. The concept of point is puzzling. Since two properties seems to possess exclusive car and simultaneously, the existence and nonexistence. Can not think of the physical object that exists and while there, however, the concept of mathematical point size = 0, when applied to physics presents this apparent paradox: The point there, because it has a real and exact position in any space- time reference system, which is determined by its four coordinates in space time. The point does not exist, because it has no dimensions (dimension = 0). No high, no longer has no width, and also there in time. This inconsistency is subtle, almost invisible. We know its consequences since 2600 years ago, but its origin, why always go unnoticed. Historically it has been presented to us three times. Always hidden under the concept of continuity. The first time presented his inconsistency is in the four fallacies of Zeno of Elea, 2,600 years ago and whose logic is perfect, closed and conclusive. These fallacies were presented to the local philosophers in Athens. Perhaps before Socrates himself, we know that Aristotle and Plato, somewhat later, were well aware of the speech given by Zeno. The second time came again the contradiction, is the invention of calculus. At that time, many intellectuals were against the logic of this theory, since there is no way to explain the movement or its associated variables, velocity and acceleration, in terms of zero- dimensional points. The mathematical point has no point whatsoever next nor the previous. There is no point second, fifth, ..., nor the penultimate or previous to this, ... Because the set of real numbers (R) is not an ordinal number associated with its elements. Despite being a completely orderly, lacks good order. This contradiction is entrenched in calculus and has never been resolved, as illogical as it is absurd. This contradiction is implicit in the mathematical inconsistency of point (dimensional = zero) with which it is constructed continuum mathematical (R). But as the Calculus works and works, and the subtle contradiction was not discovered, they had opposing opinions reluctantly silent. Whereupon, the movement and its associated quantities, velocity and acceleration entered the club ( the set of real numbers (R) is continuous (by definition) but the calculus can not be demonstrated mathematically in terms of points (dimension = 0), only it can be shown mathematically in terms of intervals ( (e > 0), dimensión = 1). , Dimension = 1). The third time was the inconsistency appeared in the birth of la Mecánica Cuántica Quantum Mechanics (Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle). The reality of the concept incoherent point, again unnoticed and broke in two to Physics, iIntroducing randomness in the quantum world. Since then the universe has both mutually exclusive two properties: it is random and is causal, depending on the size of the object Nature you are studying, random if it belongs to the microcosm and determines if the object belongs to the macrocosm. Physical Foreword. The universe and everything in it has four dimensions. El Espacio-tiempo tiene cuatro dimensiones. The Spacetime has four dimensions. The universe, as far as we know experimentally, also has four dimensions. The subject has always three-dimensional space (volume) and exists in time, and energy is always a volume of space and time exists, then both have four dimensions. The absolute void, lacking in the sense of both matter and energy does not exist. There is no way to isolate the gravity of a "volume of space-time." The relative vacuum, ie that, at least contains gravity, has therefore also four dimensions. There is no physical example, (ie that can be measured) object in our universe, having a number of dimensions different from four. Following Euclid, it is possible to build, by simple addition, dimensional geometric objects different from that of its building elements. If in Nature there are only four-dimensional elements, the tiny and indivisible element of our universe must have four dimensions.That is a volume that changes over time. There are no objects in Nature less than four dimensions, only exist in the Platonic world of ideas as mathematical abstractions. To calculate the value of the lowest volume time we use the fundamental constants of nature, c, h and G, similar to as it did a century ago, Max Planck, the combine looking for a volume-time, ie a unit volume during a unit time. This can be done with the following combination of fundamental constants, which is also unique: G·h·c^-2=4,920 551 644 510 cm^3·cm^-1 Sistema Cegesimal (centimeter, gram, second) As we know, the universe is isotropic, ie has no preferred spatial directions, in either direction has the same appearance and properties. The distinctions we make between length, width and height are merely semantic, since we can swap at will their names and continue to represent the same physical reality. If we associate the idea of isotropy meager elementary object in the universe, this can only obviously a sphere. As a sphere is easy to calculate the radius: Lmo = 4.897 506 921 037 260E-19 centimeters distance is negligible and any measurement of distance is the product of Lmo to Natural number (N). This distance is traveled at the speed of light, mo = 1.633 632 464 842 480 E-29 seconds. This is the infinitesimal time interval, and any measurement of time is the product of Tmo by a Natural number (N). As the distance is very small, there can be a wavelength shorter than Lmo, 4.897 506 921 037 260E-19 centimeters . As the tiny wavelength is the supreme value of energy Emo = 253.177 660 585 902 TeV. Any wavelength is equal to the product of a number Natural by Lmo(N). Likewise, the value of any measurement of a quantity of energy is equal to dividing Emo by a number Natural (N). On the equivalence of mass and energy in Einstein's theory E = m c^2, we need only divide by c^2 to get the value of the tiny elemental mass Mmo = 4.512 946 783 762 060E-19 grams, And any measurement of a body equals the product of Mmo by number Natural (N). This procedure was established by dimensional Max Planck to determine the absolute units Nature, Because they are derived from the universal constants, each of which is expressed in their own dimensional units, for example the speed of light is divided by a long time. Max Planck considered a century ago, the length, mass, time, electric charge and temperature as key elements to the Nature , And utilizing c, h, G, Coulomb's constant and Boltzmann constant, the latter two constants are not used in this work as unnecessary or not to describe exenciales Quantum Geometry elementary (not divisible) of space-time. The difference between the Max Planck dimensional procedure, with the establishment in this work is the answer "What are elementary magnitudes?" For these were the Planck mass length and time. It's perfectly debatable issue, contrary to the currently accepted idea that is well reflected in the following paragraph: "The system measures several of the fundamentals of the universe: time, length, mass, electric charge and temperature.Planck units are often called (in jest) by physicists as "units of God." This eliminates any arbitrariness anthropocentric system of units. " Excerpted from Wikipedia, Planck units. This work is regarded as elementary magnitude, a volume of four- dimensional spacetime, paltry and indivisible. With one dimensional formula minute amounts are calculated and supreme of the Quantum Geometry. VT = [Ghc^-2] In the next chart we see the differences between both methods. Dimensional formulae Values (System c, g, s) Dimensional formula Values (System c, g, s) 5.39121 × 10-44 Seconds Max Planck 1.63363 x 10-29 Seconds This Work 1.61624 × 10-33 centimeters Max Planck 4.89750 x 10-19 centimeters This Work 2.17645 × 10-5 grams Max Planck 4.51294 x 10-19 grams This Work The magnitudes calculated by Max Planck to the length and time, are extremely small and involve amounts of energy inaccessible to our technology. The construction costs of its overflowing imagination, all without entering your size that would be cosmic. A wavelength around 10E- 33 cm energy equivalent to 3.89626 E +11 TeV approximately one trillion (10E +12) times the maximum power of current particle accelerators. By contrast, the mass is large, to the mass of a bacterium 2.17645E-5 grams and therefore accessible to experimentation, however, have found no correlation between its value and any quantum experimental fact. Clearly it seems that Planck units have no physical meaning. By contrast the magnitudes calculated in this work may be on the right track, and are experimentally testable at present with the CERN particle accelerator (LHC) will soon be available that, when finished repair and align. The highest amount of energy 253, 177 TeV. It is only two orders of magnitude from the previous particle accelerators, quantum geometry has probably already been photographed, but has gone unnoticed among the billions of events and data obtained in the experiments of these large particle accelerators. For the first time the Quantum Gravitation be viewed by experimental physicists, particularly those currently working at CERN (LHC), which are the only ones who could determine whether the predictions of this work agree with the Nature or wrong. Extract. If we understand the Differential Calculus as a physical theory (reality). Not as a mathematical model, which leads us to this endlessly, but without achieving it. Using the mythological set of real numbers (R). We see that is the logical way that shows the basic nature and quantum of Geometry the "Spacetime", whose basic components in the sense of no parts are volumes over time (VT) in four dimensions (D4), infinitesimal (e > 0) and Topology and curve (pi). This pathway based on the differential calculus is the Quantum Geometry. The paper aims to lay the foundations and theoretical foundations of this road, which unifies the experimental resultsQuantum Mechanics with the theory of lGeneral Relativity by the hidden variables ( (O_Pi), Sapacetime curvature of elementary quantum events). The relational model is independent of the fund (Quantum Relativity), where both Theory de of Relativity Quantum Mechanics are modified, the first is embodied in a dynamic elliptical radial geometry (D = 4). The second is completed by introducing causality, replacing the statistical treatment (casual, random) for a geometric treatment (causal, deterministic). Quantum geometry gives a causal explanation Quantum Mechanics, Establishing a two-way connection between the statistics and the basic geometries (without parts) of the "Spacetime", which contains the quantum event. Also, determine the geometry and the metric Nature in its elemental level, little or indivisible, specifying the model of quantum relativity. Attempts to unify the two theories, have always failed by the appearance of the infinities. The origin of these uncertainties is a misreading of "Calculus". onsequence of failure to express the continuity based on zero-dimensional points {D = 0, (R)}. The set of real numbers (R) today have allowed us to represent the physical reality to our scale, but sinks to confront unequivocally the description of the elemental nature of Space-Time, "which can only be described in terms of elements (indivisible), for objects four- dimensional geometry, Volumes in Time (VT) and be represented by the set of numbers naturaes N. Such that 0 belongs to (N Accordingly, the term continuum is only opposed to discreet, under the concept of mathematical point (D = 0, R) (infinite divisibility). There are no physical singularities in the Nature, Are the result of using the set of real numbers out of context (quantum scale). They are only mathematical singularities (division by zero), not physical. This model is finite, quantitative and predictive. Experimentally testable energy levels between 1 and 8 TeV. It will be compelling to a lower energy level to 253.177 660 585 902 TeV. (Value Supreme Elemental energy of a quantum event). On October 12, 2005. All Rights© Rafael javier Martinez Olmo
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