Why GPS Atomic Clocks Run More Slowly Before Launch
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From: mpc755 on 8 Jun 2010 18:21 What physically occurs in nature to cause curved 'space-time', E=mc^2, conservation of mass, conservation of energy, gravity, double slit experiments, Higg's background field, what physically occurs in nature to cause atomic clocks to 'tick' at different rates, Einstein's train gedanken, how the torsion in teleparallelism manifests itself as the pressure associated with the displaced aether, MMX 'null' results, and on and on and on are the list of things which are easily understood in the theory of Aether Displacement. 'Ether and the Theory of Relativity by Albert Einstein' http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Einstein_ether.html "the state of the [ether] is at every place determined by connections with the matter and the state of the ether in neighbouring places, ... disregarding the causes which condition its state." The state of the aether as determined by its connections with the matter and the state of the aether in neighboring places is the aether's state of displacement. Aether and matter are different states of the same material. The material is mæther. Mæther has mass. Aether and matter have mass. Aether is uncompressed mæther and matter is compressed mæther. Aether is displaced by matter. The aether is not at rest when displaced and 'displaces back'. The 'displacing back' is the pressure exerted by the aether. Gravity is pressure exerted by displaced aether towards matter. A moving C-60 molecule has an associated aether displacement wave. The C-60 molecule enters and exits a single slit. The aether wave enters and exits multiple slits. The aether wave creates interference upon exiting the slits which alters the direction the C-60 molecule travels. Detecting the C-60 molecule causes decoherence of the aether wave and there is no interference. 'DOES THE INERTIA OF A BODY DEPEND UPON ITS ENERGY-CONTENT? By A. EINSTEIN' http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/E_mc2/e_mc2.pdf "If a body gives off the energy L in the form of radiation, its mass diminishes by L/c2." The mass of the body does diminish, but the matter which no longer exists as part of the body has not vanished. It still exists, as aether. As the matter transitions to aether it expands in three dimensions. The effect this transition has on the surrounding aether and matter is energy. Mass does not convert to energy. Matter converts to aether. As the mæther transitions from matter to aether it increases in volume. The physical effect the increase in volume has on the neighboring matter and aether is energy. The physical effect of mæther decompressing is energy. Mass is conserved. The rate at which an atomic clock 'ticks' is based upon the aether pressure in which it exists. In terms of motion, the speed of a GPS satellite with respect to the aether causes it to displace more aether and for that aether to exert more pressure on the clock in the GPS satellite than the aether pressure associated with a clock at rest with respect to the Earth. This causes the GPS satellite clock to "result in a delay of about 7 ìs/day". The aether pressure associated with the aether displaced by the Earth exerts less pressure on the GPS satellite than a similar clock at rest on the Earth" causing the GPS clocks to appear faster by about 45 ìs/day". The aether pressure associated with the speed at which the GPS satellite moves with respect to the aether and the aether pressure associated with the aether displaced by the Earth causes "clocks on the GPS satellites [to] tick approximately 38 ìs/day faster than clocks on the ground." (quoted text from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_relativity_on_GPS). 'The Need to Understand Mass' By Roger Cashmore Department of Physics University of Oxford, UK. http://www.phy.uct.ac.za/courses/phy400w/particle/higgs2.htm "There is, however, one very clever and very elegant solution to this problem, a solution first proposed by Peter Higgs. He proposed that the whole of space is permeated by a field, similar in some ways to the electromagnetic field. As particles move through space they travel through this field, and if they interact with it they acquire what appears to be mass. This is similar to the action of viscous forces felt by particles moving through any thick liquid. the larger the interaction of the particles with the field, the more mass they appear to have. Thus the existence of this field is essential in Higg's hypothesis for the production of the mass of particles." The "action of viscous forces felt by particles moving through any thick liquid" is the particles interaction with the aether. The force is the pressure exerted by the displaced aether towards the particle. The "thick liquid" is the aether behaving as a frictionless superfluid 'one something'. "the larger the interaction of the particles with the field, the more mass they appear to have." The faster the particle moves with respect to the aether, the greater the pressure exerted by the displaced aether towards the particle. 'Politics, Solid State and the Higgs' By David Miller Department of Physics and Astronomy University College, London, UK. http://www.phy.uct.ac.za/courses/phy400w/particle/higgs3.htm "1. The Higgs Mechanism In three dimensions, and with the complications of relativity, this is the Higgs mechanism. In order to give particles mass, a background field is invented which becomes locally distorted whenever a particle moves through it. The distortion - the clustering of the field around the particle - generates the particle's mass. The idea comes directly from the physics of solids. Instead of a field spread throughout all space a solid contains a lattice of positively charged crystal atoms. When an electron moves through the lattice the atoms are attracted to it, causing the electron's effective mass to be as much as 40 times bigger than the mass of a free electron." The distortion of the background field is the displacement of the aether by the moving particle. The 'clustering' of the field around the particle is the 'displacing back'. The 'clustering' of the field is the pressure exerted by the displaced aether towards the particle. "The idea comes directly from the physics of solids." The aether behaves as a frictionless superfluid 'one something'.
From: Koobee Wublee on 9 Jun 2010 04:17 On Jun 6, 2:01 pm, Mitchell Jones wrote: > The main fact to be explained vis-a-vis GPS is simply this: the atomic > clocks in the GPS satellites, when they are on the ground before being > launched into orbit, tick more slowly than atomic clocks that are > intended to remain on the ground. The GPS clocks have been intentionally > designed to fall behind standard atomic clocks by 38 microseconds per > day, while they are at sea level. The reason: if they tick at the same > rate as ground-based clocks before launch, then when they are in orbit, > they will run ahead by 38 microseconds per day. (This has been measured > using ground-based reception of clock signals from GPS satellites.) If this 38usec has indeed been measured so, it would violate the very essence of SR. Remember that SR does not allow absolute simultaneity that means one frame is always time dilated why the other frame is not even if they are traveling at the same speed relative to each other. <shrug> > Several possible explanations for this phenomenon are listed below: > > (1) According to the "no aether" theory of the relativists, (a) time > runs slower the faster you go; and (b) time runs faster the further you > are from gravitating masses. Because relativity denies that time > advances at the same rate everywhere, must be classified as a > non-Newtonian theory. Please emphasize the time dilation of SR is mutual. > (2) According to the gravitationally-entrained aether theory, (a) clocks > run slower the faster they are moving relative to the aether; and (b) > clocks run faster the further they are from gravitating masses. Because > it affirms the Newtonian view that a clock which advances at a different > rate than a standard clock is wrong by definition and simply needs to be > reset, this is a Newtonian aether theory. Yes, that is another explanation of how time flow is different at different altitudes. Notice that simultaneity is absolute in this case. > (3) A Newtonian "no aether" theory is also possible. The ballistic theory of light can never explain electromagnetism. <shrug> > To summarize, we have found (a) that a clock in a GPS satellite will be > slowed down by 7.2 microseconds per day, relative to an identical clock > at sea level, due to effect of the orbital velocity of the satellite, Please add "AND VICE VERSA". > and (b) that it will be speeded up by 46.2 microseconds per day due to > the reduced gravity at the satellite's altitude. The net effect is -7.2 > + 46.2 = 39 microseconds per day, which means a GPS clock in orbit > should run 39 microseconds per day faster than an identical clock on the > ground, when these two effects are taken into account. (There are other > effects--e.g., Sagnac--but they are not at issue here.) So, the satellite clock will sees a (- 7.2 - 46.2 = 53.4) usec of time slow down in the ground clock. That does not bother you any bit, right? In reality, how GPS works does not matter what the time flow mismatch (if exist) between the satellites and the ground as long as all the satellites tick at the same clock rate to accumulate the chronological time (a simple counter). The chronological time does not have to synchronize with the Greenwich mean time or numbers of seconds since a predefined instance in time on earth. The reason is that if one knows the travel time of the electromagnetic signal that is broadcasted from each satellite, one can calculate his chronological time relative to all the satellites and his own position if four such satellites are acquired. Mathematically, upon the receptions of the time and position information of four such satellite, one can write down the following four equations. The information rate is at a snail-pacing speed of 50 bits/sec in which it takes several seconds to acquire the time (chronological and not a clock) and position information of a single satellite. ** c^2 (t - t_n) = (x - x_n)^2 + (y - y_n)^2 + (z - z_n)^2 Where ** t, x, y, z = time and position of the GPS receiver ** t_n, x_n, y_n, z_n = time and position of the n'th satellite ** n >= 4 Thus, if each satellite knows its own time and position, one can solve these four equations and four unknowns to determine one's own chronological time relative to all the satellites and one's own position. Notice there are no myths of SR or GR come into play in these equations. The math is exceedingly simple although solving it may not be so.
From: mpc755 on 9 Jun 2010 15:58 On Jun 9, 2:02 pm, Mitchell Jones <mjo...(a)21cenlogic.com> wrote: > > > The rate at which an atomic clock 'ticks' is based upon the aether > > pressure in which it exists. > > ***{Is that intended to be a news flash? :-) If so, perhaps you should > be aware that I've been a proponent of entrained aether ideas for more > than forty years, and that I've been arguing in support of velocity and > gravitational entrainment in these groups for more than a decade. > > Entrained aether theories, of course, go back at least as far as > Michelson, who believed until his death that aether entrainment was the > correct explanation for the null result of MMX. However, he apparently > did little to develop the idea. As far as I am aware, he never even > conjectured that gravitational entrainment might be a factor in the > effect. > > In any case, I have been attempting to put flesh on the bare bones of > the aether entrainment idea for a very long time, and in the process I > have put forth a lot of material. Since you seem interested in this > subject, it might be worthwhile for you go go back and look over my old > posts. > > --Mitchell Jones}*** > What physically occurs in nature to cause curved 'space-time', E=mc^2, conservation of mass, conservation of energy, gravity, double slit experiments, Higg's background field, what physically occurs in nature to cause atomic clocks to 'tick' at different rates, Einstein's train gedanken, how the torsion in teleparallelism manifests itself as the pressure associated with the displaced aether, MMX 'null' results, and on and on and on are the list of things which are easily understood in the theory of Aether Displacement. 'Ether and the Theory of Relativity by Albert Einstein' http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Einstein_ether.html "the state of the [ether] is at every place determined by connections with the matter and the state of the ether in neighbouring places, ... disregarding the causes which condition its state." The state of the aether as determined by its connections with the matter and the state of the aether in neighboring places is the aether's state of displacement. Aether and matter are different states of the same material. The material is mæther. Mæther has mass. Aether and matter have mass. Aether is uncompressed mæther and matter is compressed mæther. Aether is displaced by matter. The aether is not at rest when displaced and 'displaces back'. The 'displacing back' is the pressure exerted by the aether. Gravity is pressure exerted by displaced aether towards matter. A moving C-60 molecule has an associated aether displacement wave. The C-60 molecule enters and exits a single slit. The aether wave enters and exits multiple slits. The aether wave creates interference upon exiting the slits which alters the direction the C-60 molecule travels. Detecting the C-60 molecule causes decoherence of the aether wave and there is no interference. 'DOES THE INERTIA OF A BODY DEPEND UPON ITS ENERGY-CONTENT? By A. EINSTEIN' http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/E_mc2/e_mc2.pdf "If a body gives off the energy L in the form of radiation, its mass diminishes by L/c2." The mass of the body does diminish, but the matter which no longer exists as part of the body has not vanished. It still exists, as aether. As the matter transitions to aether it expands in three dimensions. The effect this transition has on the surrounding aether and matter is energy. Mass does not convert to energy. Matter converts to aether. As the mæther transitions from matter to aether it increases in volume. The physical effect the increase in volume has on the neighboring matter and aether is energy. The physical effect of mæther decompressing is energy. Mass is conserved. The rate at which an atomic clock 'ticks' is based upon the aether pressure in which it exists. In terms of motion, the speed of a GPS satellite with respect to the aether causes it to displace more aether and for that aether to exert more pressure on the clock in the GPS satellite than the aether pressure associated with a clock at rest with respect to the Earth. This causes the GPS satellite clock to "result in a delay of about 7 ìs/day". The aether pressure associated with the aether displaced by the Earth exerts less pressure on the GPS satellite than a similar clock at rest on the Earth" causing the GPS clocks to appear faster by about 45 ìs/day". The aether pressure associated with the speed at which the GPS satellite moves with respect to the aether and the aether pressure associated with the aether displaced by the Earth causes "clocks on the GPS satellites [to] tick approximately 38 ìs/day faster than clocks on the ground." (quoted text from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_relativity_on_GPS). 'The Need to Understand Mass' By Roger Cashmore Department of Physics University of Oxford, UK. http://www.phy.uct.ac.za/courses/phy400w/particle/higgs2.htm "There is, however, one very clever and very elegant solution to this problem, a solution first proposed by Peter Higgs. He proposed that the whole of space is permeated by a field, similar in some ways to the electromagnetic field. As particles move through space they travel through this field, and if they interact with it they acquire what appears to be mass. This is similar to the action of viscous forces felt by particles moving through any thick liquid. the larger the interaction of the particles with the field, the more mass they appear to have. Thus the existence of this field is essential in Higg's hypothesis for the production of the mass of particles." The "action of viscous forces felt by particles moving through any thick liquid" is the particles interaction with the aether. The force is the pressure exerted by the displaced aether towards the particle. The "thick liquid" is the aether behaving as a frictionless superfluid 'one something'. "the larger the interaction of the particles with the field, the more mass they appear to have." The faster the particle moves with respect to the aether, the greater the pressure exerted by the displaced aether towards the particle. 'Politics, Solid State and the Higgs' By David Miller Department of Physics and Astronomy University College, London, UK. http://www.phy.uct.ac.za/courses/phy400w/particle/higgs3.htm "1. The Higgs Mechanism In three dimensions, and with the complications of relativity, this is the Higgs mechanism. In order to give particles mass, a background field is invented which becomes locally distorted whenever a particle moves through it. The distortion - the clustering of the field around the particle - generates the particle's mass. The idea comes directly from the physics of solids. Instead of a field spread throughout all space a solid contains a lattice of positively charged crystal atoms. When an electron moves through the lattice the atoms are attracted to it, causing the electron's effective mass to be as much as 40 times bigger than the mass of a free electron." The distortion of the background field is the displacement of the aether by the moving particle. The 'clustering' of the field around the particle is the 'displacing back'. The 'clustering' of the field is the pressure exerted by the displaced aether towards the particle. "The idea comes directly from the physics of solids." The aether behaves as a frictionless superfluid 'one something'.
From: Mitchell Jones on 13 Jun 2010 21:37 In article <37c0330d-8b86-4efc-9c1f-4db7b17f3b24(a)u26g2000yqu.googlegroups.com>, mpc755 <mpc755(a)gmail.com> wrote: > The rate at which an atomic clock 'ticks' is based upon the aether > pressure in which it exists. In terms of motion, the speed of a GPS > satellite with respect to the aether causes it to displace more aether > and for that aether to exert more pressure on the clock in the GPS > satellite than the aether pressure associated with a clock at rest > with respect to the Earth. This causes the GPS satellite clock to > "result in a delay of about 7 �s/day". The aether pressure associated > with the aether displaced by the Earth exerts less pressure on the GPS > satellite than a similar clock at rest on the Earth" causing the GPS > clocks to appear faster by about 45 �s/day". The aether pressure > associated with the speed at which the GPS satellite moves with > respect to the aether and the aether pressure associated with the > aether displaced by the Earth causes "clocks on the GPS satellites > [to] tick approximately 38 �s/day faster than clocks on the ground." > (quoted text from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_relativity_on_GPS). ***{The use of the term "displacement" brings to mind buoyancy concepts, and evokes images such as that of a boat displacing the water in which it is immersed. That image, however, is utterly wrong: in the case of velocity entrainment, the aether actually flows into the moving object. The actual situation with a GPS satellite, for example, is that as the satellite moves around the Earth in a circular orbit at 3,875 m/s, it moves through, and hence relative to, the vast pool of aether entrained by the Earth. Thus we can, by switching to coordinates centered on the satellite, create a picture wherein the satellite is stationary and the aether is flowing past it at v = 3,875 m/s. Within that framework, it becomes easy to visualize the situation in terms of the Bernoulli effect: the aether slows down as it penetrates into the satellite and into the atomic clock inside the satellite, where it achieves a speed of essentially zero with respect to the satellite--which means: as the satellite moves, the aether within it also moves, in the same direction at the same speed. Result: the energy that manifests as kinetic energy outside of the satellite is converted into pressure energy within the satellite. Let's consider the situation mathematically. The Earth's pool of entrained aether is a spherical fluid reservoir which extends from the center of Earth up to a surface that is millions of meters out in space. For such a reservoir considered in its entirety, variations in the acceleration due to gravity, g, will be very large, and cannot be neglected. However, within a sufficiently narrow range of altitudes, g will be effectively constant, and can be treated as such. In that case, if D as the distance in meters from the bottom of the Earth's pool to the surface, there will be horizontal bands within which, for all volumes of mass m, the following will be true: mgD = C In the above, C is a constant. If h is the height of a location in meters above the bottom of the Earth's pool, and d is its depth in meters below the surface, then D = h + d, and it follows that mgh + mgd = C The quantity mgh is the potential energy, U, of a stationary mass of aether at the location of interest, and mgd is its "pressure-energy," which we will denote by P.� Hence U + P = C. Therefore we can say that, within such a horizontal band, U1 + P1 = U2 + P2 Which expands to: mgh1 + mgd1 = mgh2 + mgd2 The above statement compares two separate volumes of aether of mass m within the horizontal band of altitudes.� Now let's suppose that the second volume is within a GPS satellite which is in inertial motion at a speed of v = 3876 m/s relative to the aether within Earth's pool. Since aether penetrates through the interstices of matter, the interior of the satellite, including the spaces between atoms, is filled with it. However, the necessity to flow in circuitous paths around the atoms of matter has the effect of entraining the aether within the satellite: as the satellite moves, the aether within it also moves, in virtually the same way as the satellite. Hence the velocity of the satellite relative to the surrounding aether is also the velocity of the aether within the satellite. To express that state of affairs, the preceding equation may be adjusted as follows: (1/2)mv^2 +�mgh1 + mgd1 = mgh2 + mgd2 + (1/2)mv^2 In the above, (1/2)mv^2 �has been added to both sides, so the statement remains mathematically sound. But what is its physical meaning? If, for example, the vertical axis is taken to pass through the center of the Earth and the center of the satellite and to�move with the satellite, the satellite becomes "stationary" by stipulation, and the aether outside the satellite is then moving past the satellite at�the speed of 3976 m/s. Thus the v on the left side of the equation is easy to interpret: it refers to the speed of a volume of mass m moving past the satellite in the retrograde direction at 3976 m/s. But what does v mean on the right side, given that the volume of mass m inside the satellite is attached to the satellite, which is stationary by stipulation? The answer is obtainable only by the use of physical understanding based on our experiences with the behavior of fluids. We know, for example, that if we stick an arm out the window as we drive down the road at 100 kph, we will experience a force pushing the arm toward the back of the car. Because we are aware of the existence of air, we know that a moving stream of air is going past the car in the opposite direction, that the stream slows and divides into an upper and lower stream as it strikes our arm, then speeds back up again as it converges back into a single stream behind our arm. Because energy is conserved, the kinetic energy lost when the stream slows down in front of our arm must go somewhere. But where does it go? The answer: the drop in speed in the front begets a rise in pressure in the front, and the rise in speed at the back begets a fall in pressure there. The force pushing our arm back, in short, arises because the air pressure is higher at the front than at the back. Kinetic energy lost when the air slows down at the front does not cease to exist: it is converted into pressure energy; and pressure energy lost when the air speeds back up again behind the arm does not cease to exist, either: it is merely converted back into kinetic energy again. Therefore we interpret the above equation in accordance with the following: K1 + U1 + P1 = K2 + U2 + P2 In the above, K1 = (1/2)mv^2; U1 = mgh1; P1 = mgd1;�K2 = 0; U2 = mgh2; and P2 = mgd2 + (1/2)mv^2. We can emphasize that effect by the way we group the terms: (1/2)mv^2 +�mgh1 + mgd1 = 0 + mgh2 + [mgd2 + (1/2)mv^2] In short, (1/2)mv^2 on the right side--i.e., within the satellite--is a measure of the increment to pressure-energy that is necessary to conserve energy, given the kinetic energy possessed by an equal mass of fluid on the outside. Such insights enable us to make sense out of the experimentally derived equation below: t' = t[1 - v^2/c^2]^.5 What it means is that (a) aether pressure rises within regions where the motion of aether is impeded, relative to surrounding regions where it is in unimpeded motion, (b) the aether is very nearly incompressible, but, if the relative motion between an impeded region and its surroundings is great enough, the gradual rise in pressure within the impeded flow region will begin to have measurable effects, (c) one of those effects will be a gradual compression that, in turn, will bring about a slowing of all movement within the region, and (d) the pattern of that slowing, based on experimental results, is described by the above equation. What this all has to do with "aether displacement," on the other hand, I have no idea. --Mitchell Jones}*** ***************************************************************** If I seem to be ignoring you, consider the possibility that you are in my killfile. --MJ
From: Xan Du on 13 Jun 2010 21:50
On 6/13/2010 9:37 PM, Mitchell Jones wrote: > In article > <37c0330d-8b86-4efc-9c1f-4db7b17f3b24(a)u26g2000yqu.googlegroups.com>, > mpc755<mpc755(a)gmail.com> wrote: > >> The rate at which an atomic clock 'ticks' is based upon the aether >> pressure in which it exists. In terms of motion, the speed of a GPS >> satellite with respect to the aether causes it to displace more aether >> and for that aether to exert more pressure on the clock in the GPS >> satellite than the aether pressure associated with a clock at rest >> with respect to the Earth. This causes the GPS satellite clock to >> "result in a delay of about 7 �s/day". The aether pressure associated >> with the aether displaced by the Earth exerts less pressure on the GPS >> satellite than a similar clock at rest on the Earth" causing the GPS >> clocks to appear faster by about 45 �s/day". The aether pressure >> associated with the speed at which the GPS satellite moves with >> respect to the aether and the aether pressure associated with the >> aether displaced by the Earth causes "clocks on the GPS satellites >> [to] tick approximately 38 �s/day faster than clocks on the ground." >> (quoted text from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_relativity_on_GPS). > > ***{The use of the term "displacement" brings to mind buoyancy concepts, > and evokes images such as that of a boat displacing the water in which > it is immersed. That image, however, is utterly wrong: in the case of > velocity entrainment, the aether actually flows into the moving object. > > The actual situation with a GPS satellite, for example, is that as the > satellite moves around the Earth in a circular orbit at 3,875 m/s, it > moves through, and hence relative to, the vast pool of aether entrained > by the Earth. Thus we can, by switching to coordinates centered on the > satellite, create a picture wherein the satellite is stationary and the > aether is flowing past it at v = 3,875 m/s. > > Within that framework, it becomes easy to visualize the situation in > terms of the Bernoulli effect: the aether slows down as it penetrates > into the satellite and into the atomic clock inside the satellite, where > it achieves a speed of essentially zero with respect to the > satellite--which means: as the satellite moves, the aether within it > also moves, in the same direction at the same speed. Result: the energy > that manifests as kinetic energy outside of the satellite is converted > into pressure energy within the satellite. > > Let's consider the situation mathematically. > > The Earth's pool of entrained aether is a spherical fluid reservoir > which extends from the center of Earth up to a surface that is millions > of meters out in space. For such a reservoir considered in its entirety, > variations in the acceleration due to gravity, g, will be very large, > and cannot be neglected. However, within a sufficiently narrow range of > altitudes, g will be effectively constant, and can be treated as such. > In that case, if D as the distance in meters from the bottom of the > Earth's pool to the surface, there will be horizontal bands within > which, for all volumes of mass m, the following will be true: > > mgD = C > > In the above, C is a constant. > > If h is the height of a location in meters above the bottom of the > Earth's pool, and d is its depth in meters below the surface, then D = h > + d, and it follows that > > mgh + mgd = C > > The quantity mgh is the potential energy, U, of a stationary mass of > aether at the location of interest, and mgd is its "pressure-energy," > which we will denote by P. > > Hence U + P = C. > > Therefore we can say that, within such a horizontal band, > > U1 + P1 = U2 + P2 > > Which expands to: > > mgh1 + mgd1 = mgh2 + mgd2 > > The above statement compares two separate volumes of aether of mass m > within the horizontal band of altitudes. > > Now let's suppose that the second volume is within a GPS satellite which > is in inertial motion at a speed of v = 3876 m/s relative to the aether > within Earth's pool. Since aether penetrates through the interstices of > matter, the interior of the satellite, including the spaces between > atoms, is filled with it. However, the necessity to flow in circuitous > paths around the atoms of matter has the effect of entraining the aether > within the satellite: as the satellite moves, the aether within it also > moves, in virtually the same way as the satellite. Hence the velocity of > the satellite relative to the surrounding aether is also the velocity of > the aether within the satellite. To express that state of affairs, the > preceding equation may be adjusted as follows: > > (1/2)mv^2 + mgh1 + mgd1 = mgh2 + mgd2 + (1/2)mv^2 > > In the above, (1/2)mv^2 has been added to both sides, so the statement > remains mathematically sound. But what is its physical meaning? If, for > example, the vertical axis is taken to pass through the center of the > Earth and the center of the satellite and to move with the satellite, > the satellite becomes "stationary" by stipulation, and the aether > outside the satellite is then moving past the satellite at the speed of > 3976 m/s. Thus the v on the left side of the equation is easy to > interpret: it refers to the speed of a volume of mass m moving past the > satellite in the retrograde direction at 3976 m/s. But what does v mean > on the right side, given that the volume of mass m inside the satellite > is attached to the satellite, which is stationary by stipulation? > > The answer is obtainable only by the use of physical understanding based > on our experiences with the behavior of fluids. We know, for example, > that if we stick an arm out the window as we drive down the road at 100 > kph, we will experience a force pushing the arm toward the back of the > car. Because we are aware of the existence of air, we know that a moving > stream of air is going past the car in the opposite direction, that the > stream slows and divides into an upper and lower stream as it strikes > our arm, then speeds back up again as it converges back into a single > stream behind our arm. Because energy is conserved, the kinetic energy > lost when the stream slows down in front of our arm must go somewhere. > But where does it go? The answer: the drop in speed in the front begets > a rise in pressure in the front, and the rise in speed at the back > begets a fall in pressure there. The force pushing our arm back, in > short, arises because the air pressure is higher at the front than at > the back. Kinetic energy lost when the air slows down at the front does > not cease to exist: it is converted into pressure energy; and pressure > energy lost when the air speeds back up again behind the arm does not > cease to exist, either: it is merely converted back into kinetic energy > again. > > Therefore we interpret the above equation in accordance with the > following: > > K1 + U1 + P1 = K2 + U2 + P2 > > In the above, K1 = (1/2)mv^2; U1 = mgh1; P1 = mgd1; K2 = 0; U2 = mgh2; > and P2 = mgd2 + (1/2)mv^2. > > We can emphasize that effect by the way we group the terms: > > (1/2)mv^2 + mgh1 + mgd1 = 0 + mgh2 + [mgd2 + (1/2)mv^2] > > In short, (1/2)mv^2 on the right side--i.e., within the satellite--is a > measure of the increment to pressure-energy that is necessary to > conserve energy, given the kinetic energy possessed by an equal mass of > fluid on the outside. > > Such insights enable us to make sense out of the experimentally derived > equation below: > > t' = t[1 - v^2/c^2]^.5 > > What it means is that (a) aether pressure rises within regions where the > motion of aether is impeded, relative to surrounding regions where it is > in unimpeded motion, (b) the aether is very nearly incompressible, but, > if the relative motion between an impeded region and its surroundings is > great enough, the gradual rise in pressure within the impeded flow > region will begin to have measurable effects, (c) one of those effects > will be a gradual compression that, in turn, will bring about a slowing > of all movement within the region, and (d) the pattern of that slowing, > based on experimental results, is described by the above equation. > > What this all has to do with "aether displacement," on the other hand, I > have no idea. > > --Mitchell Jones}*** > > ***************************************************************** > If I seem to be ignoring you, consider the possibility > that you are in my killfile. --MJ So, why isn't the aether interplanetary? Interstellar? Intergalactic? -Xan |